Hitting the brakes: how PD-1 stops T cells from fighting

Pseudo-colored scanning electron micrograph of an oral squamous cancer cell (white) being attacked by two cytotoxic T cells (red), part of a natural immune response.

PD-1 is part of a group of proteins that helps promote balance during an immune response. Together, these are known as immune checkpoints. These “break” proteins help decrease the function of our T cell soldiers, which is good as we don’t want our great fighters killing when there is nothing to kill.

I’m not lazy, it’s called selective participation – Explaining T cell anergy

Our internal mechanism of defence (known as the immune system) is made of many different cell types that together help protect us against infections and cancer. Today we are talking (again) about my favourite cell type, called T cell. To do their job, they need to receive specific signals allowing them to be activated and ready to […]

Our natural internal fighters

More than ever, we are being bombarded with information about our body’s natural ability to fight infections. In the past few months, concepts such as herd immunity, antibodies and immunological memory, to name a few, have been slowly added to our vocabulary.